SQL, or Structured Query Language, is one of the most popular and powerful programming languages used in a relational database management system. To understand SQL, you must first understand what a database is. A database is a collection of information for easy access, management, and maintenance. We should also know what data is. Data deals with certain facts like numbers, integers, decimals, characters, and Boolean values. As you have such a large pool of data, you need to store that data. Especially in the 21st century, as we all use social media and terabytes of data are generated in a second, we have to store that data. Thus, we need a database. A database will store and manage the data efficiently. To illustrate with an example, suppose we have a company, and we have a large number of employees in the company. And we have a large number of departments in the company. A database is required to store all the company's data in one place. Suppose, in the company, you have a sales department, a marketing department, a technical department, etc. Each department in the company will have a large amount of data. A database will collect all the data in each department and store it in separate tables. Examples of databases include telephone directories, customer data, product inventory, etc. Whenever you work with a database, there must be a logical structure for it.
This is called the data model. Generally, data models can be broadly classified into 2. The first one is an object-based logical model and the second one is called a record-based logical model. Let me first explain the object-based logical model. An object-based logical model is a blueprint of your database. Suppose you take an employee database, you must have an idea of the blueprint. You must know how different attributes of employees are related, and what the relationship between employee and department is. You know about all these, you should have the blueprint. This blueprint is called the entity-relationship model. An entity relationship model is a type of object-based logical model. The entities here will be tables. You must know that when we talk about an employee. An employee is an entity. Department is also an entity. To know about the relationship between entities, you should make an entity-relationship model. To illustrate the record-based logical model, it is our blueprint. We have to implement these models and we implement them through records. There is another type of data model called the relational data model. The relational data model is the process of storing data using columns and rows. Each column will define a specific attribute. For example, when we look into details of the employee like age, gender, etc, these data are stored in columns. A row gives you information on all the details of the employee. For example, name, employee ID, salary, and all details will be illustrated. Thus, the relational data model is the process of storing the data in the form of rows and columns. Another data model is the hierarchical data model. This data model is illustrated in the form of a tree-based structural model. When we talk about the network data model, it is a data model in the type of graph. Thus, there are different features of data models of a database.
Another section to look into is DBMS. DBMS expands the database management system. If you have a database with you and if you need to deal with that database efficiently, you need a database system and DBMS is an effective management system that can be used for this. There are different types of database management system operations or DBMS operations. Those are adding new files, inserting data, retrieving data, modifying data, removing data, and also removing files. So, if you are a student or professional and if you pursue an SQL career, you will come across all these basic aspects of SQL, like data, databases, and database management systems, or DBMS.
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