If you're new to the stock market, understanding these key terms will help you make smarter investment decisions. Want to master trading? Invesmate’s stock market courses in Bengali are perfect for beginners and experienced investors alike!

1. Stock Market

A place where people buy and sell company shares. India's main stock exchanges are NSE (National Stock Exchange) and BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange).

2. Shares

Small parts of a company that investors buy. Owners of shares get a portion of the company’s profit.

3. Trading

The act of buying and selling stocks and other financial assets to make a profit.

4. Investing

Putting money in stocks, mutual funds, or other assets for long-term wealth creation.

5. Stocks

Another name for shares, representing partial ownership in a company.

6. Dividends

Profit-sharing by a company to its shareholders, given in cash or extra shares.

7. Bull Market

When stock prices are rising, and investors are optimistic.

8. Bear Market

When stock prices are falling, and investors are cautious.

9. Equity

The value of a company's assets after removing debts.

10. IPO (Initial Public Offering)

When a private company sells shares to the public for the first time.

11. Market Capitalization

The total value of a company's shares (Stock price × Total shares).

12. Securities

Financial instruments like stocks, bonds, and mutual funds traded in the market.

13. Broker

A licensed person or firm that helps people buy and sell stocks.

14. Index

A collection of selected stocks that represent the market's performance (e.g., Nifty 50, Sensex).

15. Portfolio

A mix of different investments like stocks, bonds, and real estate owned by an investor.

16. Volatility

The speed and amount of stock price changes in a short time. High volatility = high risk.

17. Risk

The chance of losing money in stock investments due to market changes.

18. ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund)

A fund that holds multiple stocks and trades like a single share.

19. Mutual Fund

A professionally managed fund that collects money from many investors to buy stocks and bonds.

20. Fundamental Analysis

Checking a company’s financial health before investing (revenue, profit, assets, etc.).

21. Technical Analysis

Studying past stock price trends and charts to predict future prices.

22. Financial Ratios

Numbers used to measure a company's performance (e.g., P/E ratio, Debt-to-Equity ratio).

23. Earnings

A company’s profit after expenses, which affects its stock price.

24. Revenue

The total money a company earns before expenses.

25. P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings Ratio)

A metric to check if a stock is overvalued or undervalued.

26. Debt-to-Equity Ratio

A measure of a company’s debt compared to its owned assets.

27. Liquidity

How easily an asset can be converted into cash without losing value.

28. Derivatives

Financial contracts like futures and options that derive value from stocks or other assets.

29. Short Selling

Betting that a stock’s price will fall, selling first and buying later at a lower price.

30. Circuit Breaker

A temporary halt in trading when stock prices rise or fall too sharply to prevent panic.

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