Infertility is a multifaceted issue that affects both men and women, with various factors contributing to its prevalence. Here's an overview of the common causes of infertility, supported by insights from reputable sources:

? Common Causes of Infertility

1. Ovulation Disorders

Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), thyroid imbalances, and primary ovarian insufficiency can disrupt the regular release of eggs, leading to infertility.

2. Tubal Blockages

Infections, surgeries, or conditions such as endometriosis can cause scarring or blockages in the fallopian tubes, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.

3. Uterine or Cervical Issues

Abnormalities like fibroids, polyps, or structural issues in the uterus or cervix can interfere with implantation or increase the risk of miscarriage. 

4. Age-Related Factors

As women age, the quantity and quality of their eggs decline, reducing the chances of conception. For men, sperm quality can also decrease with age. 

5. Male Factor Infertility

Approximately 40% of infertility cases are attributed to male factors, including low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology.

? Lifestyle and Environmental Influences

• Weight: Being underweight or overweight can disrupt hormonal balance and ovulation.
• Smoking and Alcohol: Both can damage eggs and sperm, leading to decreased fertility. 
• Environmental Toxins: Exposure to chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals can adversely affect reproductive health. 
• Stress: Chronic stress can suppress ovulation and reduce sperm count.

? Medical and Structural Factors

• Endometriosis: This condition causes tissue similar to the uterine lining to grow outside the uterus, leading to pain and infertility. 
• Fibroids and Polyps: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus can interfere with implantation or cause blockages.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections can result in scarring or blockages in the fallopian tubes, preventing fertilization.

? Rare Causes

• Genetic Factors: Chromosomal abnormalities can impact reproductive function. 
• Autoimmune Disorders: The immune system may attack reproductive tissues, reducing fertility. 
• Unexplained Infertility: In some cases, all standard tests appear normal, yet conception remains elusive.

? When to Seek Medical Advice

If you've been trying to conceive for over a year without success, it's advisable to consult a healthcare provider. For women over 35, seeking advice after six months is recommended. A thorough evaluation can help identify underlying causes and appropriate treatments. Best infertility treatment gives good result.