Knee Replacement Surgery: Step-by-Step Guide

Knee pain can slowly take away the joy of walking, standing, or simply living pain-free. When medications, therapy, and lifestyle changes no longer help, knee replacement surgery becomes a vital solution for long-term relief. This procedure is common, safe, and highly effective in restoring mobility and improving quality of life.

Understanding what to expect during surgery can ease anxiety and prepare patients mentally and physically. Here is a step-by-step guide designed to help individuals considering knee replacement surgery in Chennai.

1. Admission and Preoperative Preparation

Patients are admitted to the hospital either on the day of surgery or the evening before.
Medical history, blood tests, ECG, and imaging like X-rays are reviewed by the care team.
An anesthesiologist explains pain management options and ensures the patient is ready for surgery.

Every effort is made to keep the patient comfortable and informed throughout the process. Support from experienced nurses helps create a calm and caring atmosphere before surgery begins.

2. Anesthesia Administration

The procedure starts in the operating room with the administration of anesthesia.
Most patients receive spinal anesthesia combined with sedation to stay relaxed.
In some cases, general anesthesia may be chosen based on health status and preferences.

Anesthesia ensures the procedure is pain-free and allows the surgical team to perform with precision. Monitoring continues throughout surgery to ensure safety.

3. Sterilization and Incision

The surgical area is cleaned thoroughly with antiseptic to reduce infection risk.
A sterile drape is applied, and the surgeon makes an incision over the front of the knee.
The length of the incision may vary depending on the technique and the size of the joint.

Modern practices often use minimally invasive techniques, which can result in shorter recovery times and reduced scarring.

4. Removal of Damaged Joint Surfaces

The surgeon gently moves the kneecap aside to access the damaged parts of the knee joint.
Worn-out cartilage and bone from the femur and tibia are carefully removed.
The surfaces are reshaped to accommodate the artificial joint components.

This step is essential to eliminate the source of pain and create a smooth surface for the new joint to function.

5. Placement of Artificial Joint Components

The artificial joint (prosthesis) is positioned over the reshaped bone.
Components are made of metal, plastic, or ceramic and are fixed using bone cement or a cementless technique.
Alignment and balance of the joint are checked before final placement.

Correct positioning is crucial for long-term success, allowing the patient to regain mobility and comfort in daily activities.

6. Repair and Closure

Once the joint is secured, the surgeon tests the range of motion and ensures stability.
The surgical area is irrigated to clear debris and reduce infection risk.
Layers of tissue and skin are closed with sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied.

Care is taken to minimize trauma to surrounding tissues, which supports a smoother recovery and less post-operative discomfort.

7. Recovery in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit

After surgery, patients are moved to the recovery room for close observation.
Vital signs are monitored, and pain management is initiated promptly.
As anesthesia wears off, patients may begin gentle movements with guidance from nurses.

This phase ensures that the patient is stable and comfortable before being transferred to their hospital room for continued care.

8. Hospital Stay and Rehabilitation

Most patients stay in the hospital for 2–3 days, depending on recovery speed.
Physiotherapists assist with gentle exercises to promote blood flow and prevent stiffness.
Pain is managed with medication, and patients are encouraged to walk short distances with support.

Early mobilization plays a vital role in preventing complications and boosting confidence in movement. The care team remains actively involved in every step.

9. Discharge Planning and Home Recovery

Before discharge, the team provides clear instructions for home care, medication, and wound care.
Assistive devices like walkers or crutches may be recommended temporarily.
A rehabilitation plan is outlined, including outpatient physiotherapy and follow-up appointments.

Family education is also provided to ensure a safe and supportive environment for the patient at home.

10. Long-Term Recovery and Lifestyle Changes

Most patients experience significant pain relief and improved mobility within weeks.
Full recovery and return to normal activity may take 3–6 months.
Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and avoiding high-impact activities are encouraged.

Recovery varies for each person, but consistent effort and a positive mindset contribute to long-term success.

Finding the Right Orthopaedic Care in Chennai

Choosing the right orthopedic hospital is as important as the procedure itself. Patients should look for experienced surgeons, modern facilities, and a strong rehabilitation program. Personalized care, good communication, and patient safety protocols make a significant difference in outcomes.

Those seeking knee replacement surgery in Chennai should explore hospitals that offer evidence-based care, state-of-the-art technology, and compassionate support through the entire journey.

Conclusion

Knee replacement surgery is a well-established procedure that restores independence, eases chronic pain, and transforms everyday life. With the right preparation, surgical expertise, and post-operative care, recovery becomes a smooth and empowering experience.

Soundarapandian Bone and Joint Hospital offers advanced knee replacement surgery in Chennai, combining skilled orthopedic surgeons with personalized rehabilitation plans and patient-first care. From pre-surgery education to long-term recovery, the team is dedicated to helping patients walk confidently again.